In healthy cells, NRF2 is an essential transcription factor for regulating oxidative stress. However, when constitutively activated in cancer cells, it can lead to tumor cell proliferation and metabolic rewiring. When NRF2 is activated, it increases cysteine consumption in the cells through increased expression of the SLC7A11 cystine/glutamate antiporter. We discovered a dose dependent decrease in proliferation when exposed to higher cystine concentrations, unique to cells with NRF2 activation. To understand the kinetics of this proliferation defect, I am developing a tool to visualize and track cell proliferation using a live-cell imager. I will first genetically encode Nuclear Red Fluorescent Protein (NucRFP) into our NRF2-activated cells, using single-cell cloning and flow cytometry to isolate and establish clonal populations that stably express NucRFP. Then, I will use the live-cell imager to incubate cells with NucRFP expression, titrating different concentrations of cystine. Stable NucRFP expression will allow me to quantify cell growth overtime in different concentrations of cystine media to better understand cell growth. This research will generate insights into the consequences of cystine stress that inform the development of targeted treatments for NRF2 activation in cancer cells.

Submarine channels represent the offshore continuation of onshore rivers. The shape of submarine channels captures valuable information about changes on the seafloor caused by fault movement during earthquakes. Many submarine channel systems are observed at the Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of Washington and Oregon. The Cascadia subduction zone is a tectonically dynamic system that exhibits many faults which appear to interact with these channels. These interactions are analyzed by quantifying the shape, or morphology, of the Astoria submarine channel, the offshore continuation of the Columbia River. We quantify channel morphology in ArcGIS Pro and Python in order to answer the hypotheses that 1) channels incise deeper where they cross active faults and 2) channel width is not affected by faulting. Some of these measurements include channel width, depth, width-depth ratios, bank slope, bank angle, cross swath profiles, and longitudinal profile analysis. This will offer insight into the behavior and evolution of faulting at the Cascadia subduction zone and how this affects people living along the Pacific Northwest coast who are at risk of earthquakes and tsunamis.